The+Crusades

**__The Crusades__**

**Taylor, Ezra, Aaron, Evan**

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** What were the Crusades? ** **The Crusades were a series of Holy Wars between the Christian states of Europe against the Muslims.** ** There were 9 crusades, the first 4 were called Principal Crusades, and the last 5 were called the Minor Crusades. ** **There was also a children's crusade.** **The Crusades lasted between 1095 and 1291. (AJ)**



** What caused the Crusades? ** **The main reason was a war between Christians and Muslims that centered around the city of Jerusalem.** **Other causes were:** **Effects of the Crusades: **
 * **Religious Conviction**
 * **The Instinct to Fight**
 * **The Preaching of Peter the Hermit**
 * **The Threat of the Turks**
 * **The Council of Clermont led by Pope Urban II (EH)**
 * **Contributed to increase the wealth of the Church and the power of the Papacy. **
 * **Helped to undermine feudalism. **
 * **Helped to give prominence to the kings and the people. **
 * **One of the influences of Chivalry. **
 * **Influenced commercial enterprise, especially to the trade and commerce of the Italian cities. **
 * **Led various travellers, such as, Marco Polo to explore the most remote countries of Asia. (TP) **

**Timeline:** **First Crusade: 1096-1099** **Second Crusade: 1144-1155** **Third Crusade: 1187-1192** **Crusade: 1202-1204**

**The Children's Crusade: 1212** **Fifth Crusade: 1217-1221** <span style="display: block; font-family: georgia,serif; font-size: 150%; text-align: center;">**Sixth Crusade: 1228-1229** <span style="display: block; font-family: georgia,serif; font-size: 150%; text-align: center;">**Seventh Crusade: 1248-1254** <span style="display: block; font-family: georgia,serif; font-size: 150%; text-align: center;">**Eighth Crusade: 1270** <span style="display: block; font-family: georgia,serif; font-size: 150%; text-align: center;">**Ninth Crusade:** **1271-1272** **(EB)** <span style="color: #7f1e8f; display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 150%; text-align: left;">**Facts:**
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 150%; text-align: left;">**The First Crusade consisted of five armies of knights and one army of peasants led by a zealot named Peter the Hermit. Nearly all of the peasants were slaughtered by the Turks before reaching Jerusalem.**
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 150%; text-align: left;">**In 1212, Stephen of Cloyes convinced an estimated 15,000 children that they could defeat the Muslims by going to Jerusalem: their faith in God would give them victory. They actually made it through France and to Italy, where they got on seven boats to head to the Holy Land. After that, they simply disappeared from history, most likely being sold into slavery by their transporters when they reached the Middle East.**
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 150%;">**Throughout the crusades, a major difficulty was attempting to supply armies so far from their home bases.**
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 150%;">**The First Crusade was a success. Christians conquered a big portion of the Holy Land and built many castles in the area. However, by the last conflicts, the Christians would be nearly completely driven out of the Holy Land by the Muslims.**
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 150%;">**In 1099, after capturing the city of Jerusalem, the crusaders massacred around 70,000 Jews and Muslims in the city. (TP)**

<span style="color: #ffa0ff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 170%;">**Sources:** <span style="color: #404040; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 130%;">Alchin, L.K. "The Crusades." MiddleAges. n.p. July 2006. web. 26 October 2011**.** <span style="color: #404040; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 130%;">Teacher for Thinking. "Medieval Europe and the crusades, christianity and islam" Online posting. youtube, August 2009. web. 26 October 2011. <span style="color: #404040; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 130%;">Brehier, Louis. "Crusades." __The Catholic Encyclopedia__. Vol.4. New York: Robert Appleton company, 1908. 27 Oct. 2011.